Over the past years the Middle East has been witnessing the emergence of an arc of instability that connects multiple sub-regional crises and alters regional order, which today looks more like regional disorder. Furthermore, these crises challenge the very existence of the statehoods and borders as they
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were created in the aftermath of World War I. It is not unlikely that the outcome of the current regional turmoil will be the disintegration of some states under the pressure of divisive ethno-sectarian forces. This area is more unstable and fragmented than four years ago when the Arab uprisings erupted. The emergence
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of jihadist groups, from North Africa to the Middle East, and the establishment of the self-proclaimed Caliphate in western Iraq have added a further destabilizing factor in the regional context. Against this background, this study will analyze the role and agenda of the main regional players in the new Middle East (dis)order.
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