Once upon a time there was a space, the cyberspace, which was a common ground: without boundaries and dominating powers, open to anyone who could connect to it. Less than three decades later, however, the panorama has changed radically. The growing geopolitical importance of cyberspace pulled governments into the digital arena. Their interventions, mostly driven by security imperatives, led to the setting up of boundaries, barriers and other obstacles which are capsizing the very funding principles of the Internet and leading to its “fragmentation”. What are the driving forces behind this process? How is the international community responding? And why (and how) do governments create cyber-boundaries?