Whereas most large European countries have been greatly affected by Islamic State-inspired terrorism, Italy has not seen the same degree of radicalization and extremist activity. With a much smaller number of foreign fighters, no terrorist attacks to date, and less developed terrorist networks, the country has been able to cope with the latest wave of transnational terrorism. With the offensives to crush the Islamic State now winding down, however, authorities fear that returning foreign fighters may generate a new surge in terrorist attacks. This Dossier examines the current status of terrorism in Italy, analyzing trends, implications, numbers, and measures taken by Italian officials. Along with the overall Italian context, the Dossier delves further into the phenomenon of returning foreign fighters in Italy and Europe as a whole.