The pandemic has exposed and accelerated inequalities. Addressing the social gap must be part of the post-pandemic recovery.
The pandemic has exposed and accelerated inequalities. Addressing the social gap must be part of the post-pandemic recovery.
Europe’s economic activity has bounced back to pre-pandemic levels. However, the recovery also entails new challenges.
The EU economy rebounded vigorously in spring 2021 and continued riding the re-opening wave over the summer. Not only is the EU as a whole back to the pre-pandemic level of economic activity and employment in third quarter of 2021, but by 2023 it is also projected to return to the steady output path that the economy was set to follow before the pandemic, moving onto an expansionary path.
Migrant flows across the Mediterranean will increase, though there won’t be a real turning point in immigration policies.
The challenges of global politics and difficulties within the Democratic party could add fuel to Trumpism in next year’s midterms.
Tech giants will gain more and more power. Their social and political impact will be difficult to predict and control.
Kim Jong Un’s first eight years at the helm of the regime were marked by a stronger propaganda emphasis on improving the living standards of the North Korean people, who would “never have to tighten their belt again”. However, in February 2019, his promises crumbled in the face of the impossibility to get a relaxation of sanctions.
North Korea is currently deadlocked in a state of “double isolation,” which makes engaging with it highly difficult, if not impossible for the time being. Yet, the country will eventually come out of its self-imposed isolation and, in one way or another, will seek to re-engage with the international community. Whether this will occur in 2022 or in 2023 remains to be seen.
North Korea is among the least wired countries worldwide. Yet, an increasing number of cyber activities are attributed to the regime in Pyongyang – and these activities have shown growing sophistication and success over the last few years. Its cyber operations will likely continue to increase as they fulfill at least three strategic purposes and exhibit favorable cost-benefit ratio for the North Korean regime.
Of all the issues that the North Korean leader Kim Jong Un had to face during his first ten years in office, managing relations with South Korea was certainly one of the most relevant. Nonetheless, for several years his leadership seemed to downplay the centrality of inter-Korean relations as it put far more efforts into the domestic consolidation of power and the advancement of the country’s nuclear and missile programs to secure the country from possible attacks by external forces and to gain a stronger position in future negotiations with the United States.
Coups d’état occurred in four Sub-Saharan countries in 2021. The return of a series of military takeovers in Africa undermines the use of multiparty elections as the only legitimate way to gain political office. This appears to be part of a broader process of ‘autocratisation’ that, in recent years, has been observed in several countries and regions across the globe.