The rise of Artificial Intelligence applications is accelerating the pace and magnitude of the political, securitarian, and ethical challenges we are now struggling to manage in cyberspace and beyond. So far, the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and cyberspace has been investigated mostly in terms of the effects that AI could have on the digital domain, and thus on our societies. What has been explored less is the opposite relationship, namely, how the cyberspace geopolitics can affect AI.
Il governo degli Stati Uniti mette sotto accusa il più famoso motore di ricerca al mondo: “Monopolio che impedisce la concorrenza”. C’entrano gli accordi con Apple, ritenuti irregolari. È la causa più grande contro un’azienda del settore tecnologico.
In the last months a meme went viral on social media networks that showed a multiple-choice test with the questions “Who is pushing remote working in your company?” the answers were “CEO”, “CTO”, “Covid-19”. Mutatis mutandis this joke can be translated to many other sectors that are deeply affected by the pandemic. One of these is elections and voting modalities.
With the potential of enabling not only significant economic growth but also the innovation of critical technologies in various fields, both the US and China view 5G as one of the key influencing factors in the “great power competition”.
The UK has taken an intelligence-led approach in assessing the security of its critical network[1]. This model carefully balances the commercial imperatives of network providers with national security risk in the supply chain. An approach taken well before the current debate on 5G.
It is commonly believed that 5G networks will allow the development of new types of services based on innovative use cases, for the benefit of both private end users and companies, thus becoming the real "nervous system" of the future connected society. This will also have obvious positive effects on the economy: the European Commission estimated that 5G will generate a turnover of 225 billion euros in five years, and the related networks will be used by 2.6 billion users worldwide, that is 40% of the total world population.
5G networks represent one of the key elements upon which the future process of digital transformation of both the economic and social level of each nation is based. Indeed, the potentialities of these networks will go well beyond the supply of telecommunications services between users.
5G technologies are reshaping the way users experience the digital sphere and, thus, their daily lives. 5G is one of the game changers that would further enable cyberspace’s potentialities for our societies, economies, and lifestyle. Yet, there are multiple and contrasting geopolitical interests and security concerns regarding 5G adoptions and implementations. The current confrontation between Chinese companies and some Western governments is emblematic. What are the political and securitarian implications of such technological disputes?
The international debate regarding the acquisition of Chinese 5G technology appears symbolic of the re-emerging Great Power Competition, and stark proof of the ongoing decoupling of the global ICT supply chain. Washington has been pressing its allies for more than a year not to adopt Chinese 5G technology and threatened drastic cuts in intelligence information-sharing with those procuring it.
FOCUS - Global digital Tax: USA contro UE
I negoziati in corso all'OCSE per l'introduzione di una digital tax a livello internazionale subiranno un consistente ritardo, a causa dell'intenzione americana di interrompere temporaneamente i negoziati. Di conseguenza, la tensione sul tema tra Bruxelles e Washigton è destinata a crescere. Come reagiranno l'UE e gli Stati membri?
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Lo scorso giugno gli Stati Uniti hanno annunciato, attraverso una lettera del segretario al Tesoro Steven Mnuchin ai colleghi europei, di voler sospendere temporaneamente i negoziati sulla “Global Digital Tax” in corso all’OCSE . Sul tavolo una proposta di tassazione globale per quanto concerne l’economia digitale, riguardante in particolare la tassazione dei ricavi delle piattaforme del web. Proposta che ancora è allo studio di esperti e al vaglio dei governi. L’OCSE, appunto, ospita i negoziati su questo tema tra i Paesi industrializzati.
Superato il tornante dei 70 anni di esistenza, la capacità dell’Alleanza Atlantica di adattarsi alle nuove complesse sfide di sicurezza continuando a preservare i sui valori fondanti può essere considerata ancora, probabilmente, il più grande segreto del suo successo.